Guide for OFWs: Securing Safe and Legal Employment in Japan
Japan has become an increasingly attractive destination for Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) due to its robust economy, advanced technology, and rich cultural heritage. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of finding and securing a job in Japan through official channels, ensuring your safety and legal protection throughout your journey.
Table of Contents
- Understanding Japan’s Foreign Worker Programs
- Assessing Your Eligibility and Qualifications
- Job Search Through Official Channels
- Verifying Job Offers and Employers
- The Application Process
- Required Documentation and Legal Procedures
- Pre-Departure Preparations
- Arrival and Initial Settlement in Japan
- Understanding Your Rights and Responsibilities
- Cultural Adaptation and Work Ethics in Japan
- Financial Management and Remittances
- Health and Social Security
- Pathways to Long-Term Residence
- Safety Measures and Emergency Procedures
- Continuing Education and Skill Development
1. Understanding Japan’s Foreign Worker Programs
Specified Skilled Worker Visa
Japan introduced the Specified Skilled Worker visa in 2019 to address labor shortages in specific sectors. This visa has two categories:
- Specified Skilled Worker (i): For workers with a certain level of skill and experience
- Specified Skilled Worker (ii): For workers with higher skill levels (currently only available in construction and shipbuilding industries)
Technical Intern Training Program (TITP)
The TITP allows foreign workers to acquire technical skills through on-the-job training in Japan. It’s divided into three stages:
- First year: As a trainee
- Second and third years: As a technical intern
- Fourth and fifth years: Advanced technical intern (if eligible)
Highly Skilled Professional Visa
For professionals with advanced academic degrees or extensive work experience in specialized fields.
Other Work Visas
Including visas for specific professions such as instructors, engineers, intra-company transferees, and more.
2. Assessing Your Eligibility and Qualifications
Language Requirements
Most programs require a certain level of Japanese language proficiency:
- TITP: Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N4 or equivalent
- Specified Skilled Worker: JLPT N4 or pass the Japan Foundation Test for Basic Japanese (JFT-Basic)
Skills Assessment
Depending on your chosen field, you may need to pass a skills assessment test. For example, caregivers under the Specified Skilled Worker visa must pass a caregiving skills test.
Work Experience
Some visas require relevant work experience. Research the specific requirements for your target visa category.
3. Job Search Through Official Channels
POEA-Licensed Agencies
Work only with agencies licensed by the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) and accredited to recruit for Japanese employers.
Direct Hiring
Some Japanese companies conduct direct hiring with POEA approval. Monitor announcements from the POEA and the Philippine Overseas Labor Office (POLO) in Japan.
Online Job Portals
Use reputable job search websites that cater to foreign workers in Japan, such as:
- Japan Job Search
- GaijinPot Jobs
- Daijob
Government-to-Government Programs
Stay informed about any government-to-government hiring programs between the Philippines and Japan.
4. Verifying Job Offers and Employers
Research the Company
Use resources like:
- Japanese company registries
- Corporate websites
- LinkedIn profiles
- Online reviews and forums
Verify the Job Offer
Ensure the job offer includes:
- Detailed job description
- Salary and benefits information
- Working hours and conditions
- Contract duration
Beware of Red Flags
Be cautious of:
- Offers that seem too good to be true
- Requests for payment to secure a job
- Pressure to make quick decisions
- Vague job descriptions or contract terms
5. The Application Process
Prepare Your Documents
- Updated resume/CV tailored to Japanese preferences
- Cover letter (if required)
- Passport-sized photos (following Japanese specifications)
- Copies of educational certificates and transcripts
- Proof of work experience
- Language proficiency certificates
Interview Preparation
- Research common Japanese interview practices
- Prepare for potential language proficiency assessments
- Practice answering common interview questions in Japanese
- Understand Japanese business etiquette for interviews
Skills and Language Tests
Prepare for and take required tests such as:
- Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT)
- Japan Foundation Test for Basic Japanese (JFT-Basic)
- Specific skills tests for your industry
6. Required Documentation and Legal Procedures
Visa Application
- Certificate of Eligibility (COE) from your Japanese employer
- Visa application form
- Valid passport
- Recent passport-sized photographs
- Other supporting documents as required by the Japanese embassy
POEA Requirements
- Overseas Employment Certificate (OEC)
- Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar (PDOS) certificate
- OWWA membership
Medical Examination
- Undergo a medical examination from a DOH-accredited clinic
- Obtain necessary vaccinations
Police Clearance
- NBI clearance
- Local police clearance
7. Pre-Departure Preparations
Attend PDOS and PEOS
- Complete the mandatory Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar (PDOS)
- Attend the Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar (PEOS)
Register with OWWA
- Ensure your Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) membership is active
Cultural Orientation
- Research Japanese culture, customs, and etiquette
- Learn basic Japanese phrases for daily life
Financial Preparations
- Open a bank account suitable for international transactions
- Understand the costs of living in your destination city in Japan
- Prepare some Japanese yen for initial expenses
8. Arrival and Initial Settlement in Japan
Airport Procedures
- Clear immigration and customs
- Present necessary documents (visa, COE, etc.)
Residence Registration
- Register at your local city hall within 14 days of arrival
- Obtain your residence card
Setting Up Your Life
- Secure your accommodation
- Open a Japanese bank account
- Obtain a mobile phone
- Familiarize yourself with local transportation
9. Understanding Your Rights and Responsibilities
Labor Rights
- Familiarize yourself with Japanese labor laws
- Understand your employment contract thoroughly
- Know the minimum wage in your area
Taxes and Insurance
- Enroll in the Japanese health insurance system
- Understand your tax obligations
Seeking Help
Know where to seek assistance:
- Philippine Embassy or Consulate in Japan
- Labor consultation centers in Japan
- Japan Legal Support Center (Houterasu)
10. Cultural Adaptation and Work Ethics in Japan
Japanese Work Culture
- Understand the concept of “Ho-ren-so” (report, contact, consult)
- Learn about Japanese business etiquette and hierarchy
- Adapt to the punctuality and diligence expected in Japanese workplaces
Social Norms
- Respect for personal space and quietness in public
- Proper etiquette for bowing, exchanging business cards, and dining
Communication Style
- Understand the importance of indirect communication
- Learn to read between the lines and interpret non-verbal cues
11. Financial Management and Remittances
Budgeting
- Create a budget considering Japanese living costs
- Plan for savings and remittances
Remittance Options
- Research safe and cost-effective ways to send money home
- Consider using banks, remittance companies, or online transfer services
Avoiding Financial Pitfalls
- Be cautious of loan offers or investment schemes
- Understand the terms of any credit cards or loans you consider
12. Health and Social Security
National Health Insurance
- Understand your coverage under the Japanese health insurance system
- Learn how to access healthcare services
Pension System
- Enroll in the Japanese pension system if required
- Understand options for pension refunds upon leaving Japan
Mental Health Support
- Know resources for mental health support for foreigners in Japan
- Join Filipino communities for social support
13. Pathways to Long-Term Residence
Visa Renewal and Changes
- Understand the process for renewing your current visa
- Learn about options for changing to other visa statuses
Permanent Residency
- Familiarize yourself with requirements for permanent residency
- Plan long-term if you’re considering settling in Japan
14. Safety Measures and Emergency Procedures
Emergency Contacts
- Save emergency numbers: police (110), fire/ambulance (119)
- Know the contact information for the Philippine Embassy/Consulate
Natural Disaster Preparedness
- Understand Japan’s earthquake and tsunami warning systems
- Prepare an emergency kit and know your evacuation routes
Personal Safety
- Be aware of local laws and customs to avoid unintentional offenses
- Take precautions in large cities, especially at night
15. Continuing Education and Skill Development
Language Improvement
- Continue studying Japanese through classes or self-study
- Consider taking higher levels of the JLPT
Professional Development
- Look for opportunities to enhance your skills in your field
- Attend workshops or seminars relevant to your work
Networking
- Join professional associations in your industry
- Attend networking events for foreigners or in your field
Remember, your journey as an OFW in Japan is not just about work, but also about personal growth and cultural exchange. Stay informed, be proactive in your career development, and embrace the unique experiences that come with living and working in Japan. By following these guidelines and always prioritizing your safety and legal compliance, you can make the most of your OFW experience in Japan.
